ABSTRACT
The cytotoxicity of three extracts (petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and n-butanol) from a plant used in folk medicine, Marchantia convoluta, to human non-small cell lung carcinoma (H1299) and liver carcinoma (HepG2) cell lines was tested. After 72-h incubation of lung and liver cancer cell cultures with varying concentrations of extracts (15 to 200 æg/mL), cytotoxicity was determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and reported in terms of cell viability. The extracts that showed a significant cytotoxicity were subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis to identify the components. The ethyl acetate, but not the petroleum ether or n-butanol extract, had a significant cytotoxicity against lung and liver carcinoma cells with IC50 values of 100 and 30 æg/mL, respectively. A high concentration of ethyl acetate extract (100 æg/mL) rapidly reduced the number of H1299 cells. At lower concentrations of ethyl acetate extract (15, 30, and 40 æg/mL), the numbers of HepG2 cells started to decrease markedly. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the ethyl acetate extract revealed the presence of several compounds such as phytol (23.42 percent), 1,2,4-tripropylbenzene (13.09 percent), 9-cedranone (12.75 percent), ledene oxide (7.22 percent), caryophyllene (1.82 percent), and caryophyllene oxide (1.15 percent). HPLC analysis result showed that there were no flavonoids in ethyl acetate extract, but flavonoids are abundant in n-butanol extract. Further studies are needed regarding the identification, toxicity, and mechanism of action of active compounds.
Subject(s)
Humans , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/therapeutic use , Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy , Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy , Marchantia/chemistry , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Cell Survival/drug effects , Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Liver Neoplasms/pathology , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Tumor Cells, CulturedABSTRACT
Dried leaves of Marchantia convoluta are largely used as hepatoprotectives; and to treat tumefaction of skins in China. Two flavones were isolated from the leaves of Marchantia convoluta by silica gel column and preparative high performance liquid chromatography (PHPLC). These compounds were identified through spectral analysis (IR; UV; 1HNMR; 13CNMR; MS) as 5-hydroxyl-7- methoxyl-2- methylchromone and a flavone glycoside; Apigenin-7-O-?-D-glucuronide
Subject(s)
Apigenin , Flavones , Glucuronides , MarchantiaABSTRACT
Dried leaves of Marchantia convolutaare largely used as hepatoprotectives; and to treat tumefaction of skins in China. Two flavones were isolated from the leaves of Marchantia convoluta by silica gel column and preparative high performance liquid chromatography (PHPLC). These compounds were identified through spectral analysis (IR; UV; 1HNMR; 13CNMR; MS) as 5-hydroxyl-7- methoxyl-2- methylchromone and a flavone glycoside; Apigenin-7-O-a-D-glucuronide